Vaccination is a cornerstone of modern health management. It`s particular important in intensive animal production systems, such as aquaculture, where high stocking densities facilitate the rapid spread of pathogens. Oral vaccines offer a stress-free, scalable alternative to traditional fish injections. Our study explores duckweed as platform for vaccine production and as vehicle for oral...
Newcastle virus disease (ND) in poultry is highly contagious. Weak strains cause loss in egg production, virulent strains kill the birds1. NDV virions posses an envelop and contain a single molecule of linear, negative sense RNA coding for at least six proteins. The important proteins for subunit vaccines are two glycoproteins: the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), and the fusion protein (F),...
Silk sericin, a glycoprotein produced by Bombyx mori, naturally coats and binds silk fibroin fibers during cocoon formation. Beyond this role, sericin's biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and bioactive properties, including antioxidant and adhesive effects, have made it attractive for a range of biomedical and biomaterial applications. However, conventional degumming methods are harsh,...
